英语中什么是句子成分分析 英语句子成分具体分析
日期:2019年08月25日 分类:优美句子
1.句子的基本构成有5种:主谓、主谓宾、主谓宾宾补、主谓双宾、主系表
①.主语:名词(n.)、代词、数词、名词化形容词(adj.)、副词、名词化介词、不定式、动名词、名词化分词、介词短语、从句。
1.名词作主语。
A tree has fallen across the road.
Little streams feed big rivers.
2.代词用作主语。
You’re not far wrong. 。
He told a joke but it fell flat. . 他从不做使人感到意外的事。
8.由从句构成
Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗?
⑤补语:是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分
1. 容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前,后有逗号。
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困,就去睡了。
有时可以置于主语之后,前后都有逗号,与非限定性定语相似。
The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings. 那人不可置疑地残酷,不听取他们的恳求。
2.可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等
They named the child Jimmy. 他们将孩子命名为吉米。(名词用作并与补语)
My mother looks so young that you would think her my sister. 我的母亲面很嫩,你会以为她是我的姐姐(名词短语作宾语补语)
He boiled the egg hard. 她将鸡蛋煮老了。(形容词用作宾语补语)
I found the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣。(形容词短语用作宾补)
The comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover. 同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下。(不定式用作宾语补语)
I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。(动名作宾补 )
Don’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。
⑥定语:定语是用来说明名词(代词)的品质与特征的词或一组词
可用作定语的有:形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。
1.形容词用作定语是大量的。
She is a natural musician. 她是一位天生的音乐家。
He must be the best violinist alive.他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了。(后置定语)
2. 名词用作定语。如
A baby girl 女婴
well water 井水
Sports car 双座轻型汽车
A fool’s paradise 梦幻的天堂
2.代词作定语。
Your hair needs cutting. 你该理发了。(物主代词用作定语)
Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 人人负责就是无人负责。 (不定代词所有格作定语)
3.数词作定语
There’s only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法。
Do it now, you may not get a second chance. 现在就干吧,你可能再没有机会了。
基数词用作后置定语: page 24 Room 201 the year 1949
4. 副词充当定语时常后置
the room above 楼上的房间 the world today 今日世界 the way out 出路 a day off 休息日
5.不定式用作定语
Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事。
That’s the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法。
6.动名词用作定语.
A walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 安眠药 eating implements 吃饭用具 learning method 学习方法
7.分词充当定语
a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man 嗜酒者 a retired worker 一个退休工人 a faded flower 一朵谢了的花
7.介词短语用作定语。
This is a map of China. 这是一幅中国地图。
The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words. 他那凶暴的目光说明得再清楚不过了。
8.从句用作定语,即定语从句
The car that’s parked outside is mine. 停在外面的车是我的。
Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one. 我在外面看见你的汽车了,它给另一辆车撞了。
⑦同位语:当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分者就叫做后者的同谓语
可用作定语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、of短语、从句等
1.名词用作同谓语是大量的。
We have two children, a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子,一男一女。
We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. 我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家。
2.代词用作同谓语。
They all wanted to see him. 他们都想见他。
Let’s you and me go to work, Oliver. 咱们俩去工作吧。
3.数词用作同谓语。
Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗?
They two went, we three stayed behind.他们俩去了,我们三个留了下来。
4.不定式与动名词用作同谓语。
Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition.他们最近提出了集中全力于初等教育的提议遭到了某些人的反对。
The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭,被拒绝了。
5.Of 短语用作同谓语
The city of Rome 罗马城 the art of writing 写作艺术
The vice of smoking 吸烟嗜好
6.从句用同谓语,即同谓语重句
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不确。
We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可信赖的问题。
⑧状语:是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。
可用作状语的有副词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。
1.副词最常用作状语,位置比较灵活,可置句末、句首和句中。
He speaks the language badly but read it well.这种语言,他讲得不好,但阅读能力很强。
Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors. 当我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁上。
2.状语按用途来分,可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等
.时间状语,多位于句末和句首,有时亦可置于句中
Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow?
In China now leads the world.
.地点状语,多置于句末,有时也位于句首和句中。
There are plenty of fish in the sea.
She kissed her mother on the platform.
.原因状语,包括表理由的状语,多置于句末,有时亦可置于句首。
Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job.
I eat potatoes because I like them.
. 结果状语,多由不定式、分词和从句表示,常位于句末。
She woke suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway.
She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said.
. 目的状语,多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示,常位于句末,强调时可以置于句首。
He ran for shelter.他跑去避雨。
In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder.
. 条件状语。多由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。
We’ll be lucky to get there before dark.
If he were to come, what should we say to him?
. 让步状语,由短语和从句表示,常置于句末和句首。
For all his money, he didn’t seem happy. 他尽管有钱,但似乎并不幸福。
He helped me although he didn’t know me.
.程度状语。常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示。
The lecture is very interesting.
To what extent would you trust them? 你对他们信任程度如何?
伴随状语,常由短语和独立主格等表示。对位于句末和句首。
My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten.
He stood there ,pipe in mouth.
英语句子成分分析.
America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.
首先,在“America and Americans were prosperous ”中“were”是连系动词,形容词“prosperous ”跟在系动词后面形成系表结构,充当表语。
后面“beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.”作为状语修饰前面一句话,而其中“whose economies the war had destroyed.”又作为定语从句修饰“the Europeans and Asians ”,原意应该是“the war had destoryed economies,其实它是一个句子。
Whose 用来指人或物, cover is green.
英语句子成分分析
这个句子如果按正常语序安排,应该是——
Many people / whosechances to do so were much inferior to Miss Martha's / have married.
可见 whose chances to do sowere much inferior to Miss Martha's 是定语从句,但是这种安排中的主语部分显然比两个词的谓语部分 have married 长得多,是一种外头重脚轻的臃肿结构,为了是句子平衡所以就把定语从句拖后,变成如下的结构:
主句:Many people havemarried 许多人已经结婚
定语从句:whose chances to doso were much inferior to Miss Martha's.
--[主语] whose chances to do so)这些已婚人结婚的机缘【不定式 to do so 是 chances 的后置定语,是 to get married 避免重复的代用形式】
-- [谓语部分] were much inferiorto Miss Martha's. 远不如玛莎小姐的(结婚的机缘)【Miss Martha's 是名词所有格,后面省略了前文出现过的 chance to do so】
非常感谢,我还想请问一下:英语中有很多这种语序调换的情况出现,我还见到过一种句子:an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.这句话是把宾语补足语提前。请问英语中还有哪些情况需要调换位置?有没有具体的情形可以列举的?谢谢!
只要记住一个道理,就是只要句子结构中由于某些较长的成分致使句子失去平衡,就可以吧这个成分提前或拖后。如:in fron of a house in the yard grow some trees = some trees grow in fron of a house in the yard 。
英语句子成分划分用什么符号
没有固定的模式,为了方便理解,可以和语文里句子成分的划分符号一样。英语老师上课用的句子成分符号都不尽相同,如我就这样来用:
划分符号
主语: 双横线 定语:
谓语: 单横线 状语:[ ]
宾语: 波浪线 宾补:〈 〉
表语: 双波浪线
英语句子成分分析
1. 主语 we
谓语 should keep
宾语 the plants
宾语补足语 in the shade
2. 主语 I
谓语 found
宾语 this plate
宾语补足语 on the floor
总结:以上两句都是 S + V + O + OC 即“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”句型,且都用介词短语充当宾语补足语。
参考资料:英语牛人团
英语句子成分分析
Despite the saying that one never knows if lightning strikes him,
状语 宾语从句 条件状语从句
a person can sometimes feel the bolt coming and if quick enough,take protective action in time.
主语 谓语 状语 谓语 宾语 宾补 条件状语 谓语 定语 宾语 状语更多
老师,你好。第一个分句的意思是“尽管俗话说人们永远不知道是否会遭到闪电的袭击’‘,所以that one never knows if lightning strikes him应该是同位语从句吧?
呵呵,忙于吃饭,犯错误。
是的 saying that后面是同位语语从句,抱歉。
谢谢老师!我懂了哈。
英语句子成分的分析
我觉得你的句子有问题呢!
who has not come翻译为没有来的人,作主语,determined应该是谓语,但是,词性不对啦!所以单看这个句子就不对啦!
那么,就只有这样解啦!也就是说,determined作后置定语,整个后置定语短语determined to achieve self-fulfillment in winning the game 修饰前面的从句。没估计错的话,这应该是有前文的,单看这个句子是不行的。也就是说“决定在赢得游戏中获得自我满足感的人就是那些没有来的人”。这样也符合你说的determined前面的是名词,因为前面的那个词现在是个名词性从句啦
英语句子成分分析.
jane likes playing the guitar. (一看就是中国人写的,the 应去掉!)第二句相同。
主语 谓语 宾语
we 主语live谓语 in a beautiful city壮语。
Mr Smith主语 lives 谓语on the third floor壮语
Tom 主语came 谓语to ask me for advice目的壮语I 主语shall answer谓语 your question宾语 after class时间壮语
I shall 同上句go同上句 there地点壮主 if it doern't rain条件壮语.
He 主语cleaned 谓语the house宾语 yesterday 时间壮语
We 主语are happpy系词+表语
His wish 主语is系词 to become a scientist不定式作表语
Mother 主语bought 谓语me宾语 a book宾补语
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